People with this disorder report a creeping or crawling sensation deep within the calves or feet, or sometimes even in the upper limbs. For most people with this disorder, this distorted sensation and restlessness are much worse in the evenings or nights compared to the daytime and frequently interfere with the ability to fall asleep.

The disorder is worsened by inactivity and temporarily relieved by movement. In contrast, an abnormal sensation due to peripheral neuropathy (such as may be seen in people with diabetes mellitus) persists with activity. The severity of this chronic disorder may wax and wane with time and can be made worse by sleep deprivation, caffeine, and pregnancy.

People with this disorder are twice more likely to have coronary artery disease or other cardiovascular disease than people without the condition, research reveals.

The prevalence is 1 to 5% of young to middle-age adults and increases to 10 to 20% in those more than 60 years. The disorder tends to be commoner among those of Northern European ancestry. About 30% of sufferers (especially those with an early age of onset) will have many affected family members, suggesting a genetic predisposition.

Iron deficiency and renal failure may cause restless legs syndrome (RLS), which is then considered as secondary RLS.

The symptoms of RLS are very responsive to dopaminergic drugs such as pramipexole, cabergoline or ropinirole, which are the treatment of choice. Narcotics, benzodiazepines and certain anticonvulsants may also be useful.

Most people with restless legs also experience periodic limb movements of sleep (previously known as nocturnal myoclonus), although the reverse is not the case.

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