1. UTI and pregnancy

It is routine in a pre-natal check-up that the urine of all women is examined for UTI. It is probable that during pregnancy the urinary bladder becomes more susceptible to infection. There may be altered immunity during the course of pregnancy that the urinary bladder becomes weak, and retention of urine increases, giving more time to bacteria to grow, leading to UTI. Early detection and treatment of UTI is, therefore, important in pregnant women, for safe delivery.

2. UTI and sexual activity

Incidence of UTI among school girls is not very common. If detected, one should look for any congenital obstructive lesion in the urinary tract, responsible for UTI.

However, UTI becomes more common in women after marriage. During sexual intercourse, bacteria gain entry into the urinary bladder through the urethra, as in a woman all the three orifices/ openings of the urethra, the vagina and anus are closely located. Thus, infection is frequently introduced in the urinary tract, and reactivated, following sexual intercourse.

3. UTI and diabetes

If the kidney has already been affected by a disease, it becomes more susceptible to infection, as in the case of a diabetic kidney, which occurs due to uncontrolled diabetes. Sugar contents in the urine add to infection of the urinary tract. Hence the control of diabetes is important to prevent infection of the kidneys.

4. Hypertension and UTI

Similarly, a hypertensive kidney, i.e. one damaged as a result of prolonged uncontrolled hypertension, may become more prone to infection. On the other hand, chronic infection of kidneys (chronic pyelonephritis) may also cause hypertension called renal hypertension. Hence the control of hypertension as well as UTI should be considered important to save the kidneys from damage.

5. Catheter and UTI

In case all aseptic precautions are not taken while catheterization of the urinary bladder in an emergency, the infection may enter directly into the urinary bladder through the catheter leading to UTI. Hence, a strict sterilization is required during catherterization.

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